MEDICAL AND HEALTH WELLNESS BLOG

  HICCUPS : Hiccups means involuntary, uncontrolled contractions of diaphragm muscle. Usually hiccups resolve on there own within few minutes,they do not implies any underlying diseases or anything however if hiccups persist more than 48 hour it is called as chronic hiccups Causes of hiccups: Causes of hiccups lasting less than 48 hour or few minutes 1.Drinking carbonated beverage 2.Having excess meal, eating too quickly 3.Emotional stress 4.Excitement 5.Swallowing air while eating chewing gums 6.Sudden change in temperature 7.Drinking excess alcohol When hiccups persist more than 48 hour and interfere with eating, sleep than it's time to consult your doctor Causes of chronic hiccups 1.Metabolic diseases  Alcoholism, Anesthesia,d iabetes, kidney disease, Electrolyte imbalance 2.Drugs like Steriods, barbiturate, tranquilizer 3.Nerve irritation Goiter, Gastroesopheageal reflux, sore throat, laryngitis 4.Central nervous system disorder Encephalitis, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, str

DRUG ABUSE: Drug abuse is self administration of drug for non medical purpose, in quantities and frequencies which may impair an individual ability to function effectively and which may result in physical, social Or emotional harm Now a days drug addiction and abuse are increasing among the youngsters which is becoming measure problem among the adolescent population Reason for drug abuse: 1.Easy availability, curiosity, Emotional pleasure, social or group pressure 2.Common among teenager due to peer pressure 3.Other risk factor like unemployment, broken home, parental deprivation, migration, living away from home, allenation from family, relaxed parental control, large urban environment, school dropouts, Certain occupation, Areas with high crime rate, Areas where delinquency is common, areas where there are drug using groups Drugs commonly abused: This can be grouped into two groups: A) Dependence producing drugs Dependence means person becomes physiologically and physically dependent

EMOTION:   Emotion is strong feeling which depends on mood and relationship with others Emotion includes: 1.Fear - feeling of being scared 2.Sadness - Feeling of sorrow, grief 3.Joy - feeling of happiness 4.Anger -Feeling anger 5.Trust - Postive emotion of believing 6.Anticipation - Looking forward for something good gonna happen 7.Disgust - Feeling something is wrong 8.Surprise - Unprepared for something 9.Friendship -People having bond of joy 10.kindness - Acting good to other 11.Love - strong attachment one feels for someone else 12.Jealousy - Pain when people have something which we don't have 13.Confusion 14.Calmness 15.Awkwardness 16.Romance 17.Relief Emotion are complex. Emotion depends on Behavioral tendency and arousal of nervous system. Extroverted people are more social and express their emotion, Introvert people are more likely to be socially withdrawn and conceal their emotion                               HOW TO BE EMOTIONALLY STRONG 1.Emotionally strong means

  BLOOD PRESSURE: Blood pressure is lateral pressure on Artery due to pumping of blood by heart into artery Blood pressure are of two type: 1.Systolic BP (SBP)  2.Diastolic BP(DBP)  SBP means Force of contraction of heart while Diastolic BP means peripheral resistance exerted by systemic vessels BP is measured by sphygmomanometer BP is measured in millimetre of mercury (mmHg)  NORMAL BP - 120/80 mm Hg Here 120 mm Hg is SBP and 80 mm Hg is DBP Hypertension: Rise in Blood pressure is called as Hypertension Hypertension forms basis for various heart diseases Uncontrolled Hypertension eventually leads to myocardial infarction (Heart attack) and eventually death CRITERIA FOR HYPERTENSION: Classification of blood pressure according to Joint national committee (JNC) America                                          SBP              DBP Normal bp                      <120             <80  Pre-Hypertension        120-130      80-89     Hypertension                >140            >90

  HOW TO LOSE WEIGHT?  1) Reduce calories intake that means Eat fewer calories than you burn 2) Measure your calorie need and take calories according to it 3) Eat Weight loss friendly foods like          a) Whole egg          b)  Leafy vegetables (kale, spinach, collards, swiss chard)       Leafy vegetables has antioxidant, vitamins, minerals like ca++ which burns fat          c) Salmon Salmon is fatty fish but rich in iodine Iodine increases thyroid function increase in thyroid hormone which results in increase in metabolism so decreases weight           d) Vegetables Vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage This are rich in protein, fibers, low energy density which helps to lose weight           e) Beans and legumes Black bean, kidney bean, lentils Has high protein and fibers           f) Soups This is low energy density and has lots of water           g) Avocados Has Monosaturated fat despite being fatty it is rich in fiber and has lot of water           h) Nuts Has balanced

  NUTRITION: Nutrition is process by which organism utilize food substance. Essential nutrients includes a protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin, minerals Nutrition includes  Ingestion Aborption Assimilation Biosynthesis Catabolism Excretion WHICH FOOD IS RICH IN WHAT??  1) PROTEIN: - Legumes(beans) +Grain e.g Peanut butter sandwich -Meat -Nuts -Egg -Soyabean -Chicken -Fish 2) CARBOHYDRATE: - Grains(Rice, corn etc)  -Vegetables like potato  Carbohydrate with high glycemic index High glycemic index means sugar(Carbohydrate) which increase risk of diabetes, obesity This includes -Sugary beverage -Cornflakes -Bakery items like bread, cookies, pastries -Rice -Potato Carbohydrate with low glycemic index Low glycemic index means carbohydrate with low risk to develop diabetes, obesity This includes -Pasta -High fiber diet -Oat meal -Milk -yoghurt -Whole fruits 3) FATS: Saturated fats: Provides concentrated energy Includes -Butter -Lard This type of fat promote high cholesterol level Monosaturat

  DEPRESSION : MAJOR PROBLEM Depression is common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood , lack of interest, decreased energy, feeling guilt, low self-esteem, disturbed sleep appetite, lack of pleasure GLOBAL ISSUE : Depression eventually leads person to commit suicide. Almost 1 million lives are lost yearly due to suicide means almost 3000 death each single day Depression has affected more than 350 million person whole around globe Affects both male and female but affect 50% more to female than male HOW CAN YOU PREVENT YOURSELF DEVELOPING DEPRESSION?  (1) Do some form of exercise everyday it is good not only for physical but also for mental health (2) Maintain good weight and reduce stress level (3) Eat healthy diet including whole grain, fresh fruits, vegetables, proteins, low fat diet (4) Meditation, deep breathing to reduce stress (5) Have regular routine of bed have good sleep (6) Openly communicate with your family member, loved ones as the will provide u support    

MUCORMYCOSIS :   Mucormycosis is serious but rare fungal infection caused by Mucormycetes  Usually affects immunocompromised individual ABOUT FUNGUS : Present in soil and decaying organic matter such as leaves, animal dung etc Usually infection occurs through inhalation of fungal spores into lungs and sinuses then spread to other part This can also enter body through burnt skin, scrape, skin injury Fungus causing mucormycosis    (1) Rhizopus species    (2) mucor species RISK FACTOR: Diabetes Cancer Organ transplant individuals Stem cell transplant individuals Neutropenia Long term use of corticosteroid Hemochromatosis Any conditions in which person is immunocompromised is a risk factor                          CLINICAL FEATURE: Depends on organ involved (1) Brain and sinus involved        - Nausea or sinus congestion        - Headache        - Facial swelling (one sided)         -fever        - Black lesion on nasal bridge which becomes serious (2) Cutaneous involvement        

CORONA VIRUS DISEASE  Corona virus was originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019 . The genetic sequence shows this is closely related to SARS Virus This is SINGLE STRANDED RNA VIRUS With Crown like appearance with diameter of 60-140 nm This is sensitive to . Uv rays . Lipid solvent like ether . Ethanol . Chlorine disinfectant Corona virus replication decreases at high temperatures. GLOBAL SCENARIO   : Disease originated from China spread over 200 country in the world and was declared as pandemic on 11 th March 2020 by WHO  In December 2020 new strain of virus was detected in UK which has 70 % more Transmission  and was highly contagious . Various strains in different part of world are been established As on 19th February 11.08 crore cases where been reported with 24,53,582 deaths all over world . Almost 8 crore recovered with the recovery rate of 77.4% MODE OF TRANSMISSION: SARS-COV-2 Transmission occurs through secretion of infected person that might be saliva or respiratory droplet

DRUGS USED IN ACUTE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE(CHF)  In CHF there are two main problems    1. Decrease in pumping activity of heart    2.Accumulation of fluid (oedema)  So for above pathology we use mainly to group of drugs      (1) Diuretics     (2) Inotropics I) DIURETIC Usually in Acute CHF we have to rigorously remove accumulated fluid so LOOP DIURETICS ARE PREFERRED OVER THIAZIDES  Loop diuretics This are group of drugs act on the  (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henles  to inhibit sodium, chloride and potassium reabsorption. This is achieved by competing for the Cl −  binding site .  This reduces the hypertonicity of the renal medulla, inhibiting water reabsorption by the collecting ducts   Thus this action decrease odema component in CHF Case This group includes drugs like: Torosemide Ethacrynic acid Furosemide   (2) INOTROPICS Inotropics are group of drugs which increases pumping activity of heart   This category includes 1. Beta -1 agonist 2.Phosphodiesterase